Kev xaiv khoom hauv Semiconductor Manufacturing: Silicon, SiC, GaAs, Thiab Sapphire

Rau cov kws tshaj lij thiab cov kws tshaj lij ntawm kev yuav khoom ntawm cov tuam txhab tsim khoom, xaiv qhov zoo tshaj plaws wafer substrate yog qhov kev txiav txim siab hauv paus nrog deb - mus txog qhov cuam tshuam rau kev ua tau zoo, nqi, thiab kev ua lag luam ua tiav. Thaum silicon tseem yog cov neeg ua haujlwm tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm kev lag luam, qhov nce ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo li Silicon Carbide (SiC) thiab Gallium Arsenide (GaAs), nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb xws li sapphire, tau nthuav dav tus tsim cov khoom siv. Kab lus no muab cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws sib piv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb no, tshuaj xyuas lawv cov khoom, cov ntawv thov zoo tshaj plaws, thiab tus nqi -kev lag luam txiaj ntsig- tawm los coj koj txoj kev xaiv.

1. Silicon: Lub Cev Muaj Zog
Silicon lub dominance stems los ntawm nws zoo heev tshuav nyiaj li cas ntawm hluav taws xob khoom, natural abundance, thiab ib tug paub tab, tus nqi - zoo manufacturing ecosystem. Nws yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau feem coob ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke (ICs), microprocessors, nco chips, thiab cov qauv photovoltaic cell. Niaj hnub nimno silicon wafers muaj ntau yam zoo kawg li, muaj nyob rau hauv diameters txog 12 ntiv tes, nrog rau ntau yam crystallographic orientations (xws li,<100>, <111>), doping hom (P / N), thiab resistivity ranges (los ntawm qis mus rau siab). Cov txheej txheem zoo li Float-Zone (FZ) kev loj hlob tawm los ultra- siab purity wafers rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, thaum cov khoom siv siab heev xws li Silicon- ntawm -Insulator (SOI) wafers txo qis cov kab mob parasitic capacitance thiab to, ua kom siab -kev ua tau zoo, qis- fais fab kev suav thiab RF keyboards.

2. Silicon Carbide (SiC): Lub Hwj Chim thiab Kev Sib Tw Kub Kub
SiC yog qhov dav -bandgap semiconductor uas ua tau zoo nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig uas silicon ncav cuag nws qhov txwv. Nws cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb suav nrog atawg hluav taws xob tebze li ntawm 10 npaug siab dua silicon's thiabthermal conductivitytxog peb npaug ntau dua. Qhov no tso cai rau SiC-raws li cov khoom siv (xws li MOSFETs thiab Schottky diodes) ua haujlwm ntawm qhov hluav taws xob ntau dua, zaus, thiab qhov kub thiab txias nrog kev poob qis dua. Cov thawj polytypes yog 4H-SiC thiab 6H-SiC, nrog 4H-N (Nitrogen-doped) yog tus qauv rau feem ntau cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob. Thaum SiC wafer cov nqi siab dua thiab txoj kab uas hla (tam sim no tseem ceeb ntawm 4 "thiab 6") yog me dua li cov silicon, tag nrho cov nqi txuag hauv cov ntawv thov xws li hluav taws xob tsheb inverters, kev tsav tsheb muaj zog, thiab kev hloov hluav taws xob tauj dua tshiab yog qhov nyuaj.

3. Gallium Arsenide (GaAs): RF thiab Opto-Tus Kws Tshaj Lij Rau Hluav Taws Xob
GaAs muaj lub zog hluav taws xob siab thiab muaj kev sib txuas ncaj qha, ua rau nws tsis zoo rau kev siv siab - zaus thiab photonic. Nws yog cov khoom ntawm kev xaiv rauXov tooj cua zaus (RF)Cheebtsam hauv smartphones, satellite kev sib txuas lus, thiab radar systems, qhov twg nws cov suab nrov tsawg thiab efficiency ntawm microwave frequencies yog qhov tseem ceeb. Nws ncaj bandgap kuj ua rau nws zoo tagnrho raucov khoom siv optoelectronicxws li lasers, siab -brightness LEDs, thiab solar cells rau qhov chaw siv. GaAs wafers tuaj nyob rau hauv semi-insulating (SI) hom rau RF cais thiab semiconducting hom rau active ntaus txheej. Txawm li cas los xij, nws cov brittleness, tus nqi siab dua, thiab toxicity hauv kev ua yuav tsum tau tshwj xeeb tuav.

4. Sapphire (Al₂O₃): Lub Platform Robust Insulating
Sapphire tsis yog ib qho khoom siv hluav taws xob tab sis yog cov hluav taws xob zoo heev uas muaj lub zog zoo heev, tshuaj lom neeg tsis muaj zog, thiab pom qhov pom tseeb. Nws lub ntsiab siv yog raws li ib tugheteroepitaxial substrate. Cov kev taw qhia feem ntau yog C- dav hlau sapphire, dav siv rau kev loj hlob Gallium Nitride (GaN) txheej rau xiav / dawb LEDs thiab laser diodes. Nws kuj tseem ua haujlwm ua lub substrate rau Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS), RF lim, thiab cov qhov rais kho qhov muag muaj zog. Thaum lattice tsis sib haum nrog cov khoom siv semiconductors zoo li GaN tuaj yeem qhia qhov tsis xws luag, cov txheej txheem txheej txheem tsis zoo tau ua rau sapphire tus nqi - siv tau thiab txhim khu kev qha platform rau huab hwm coj - tsim cov khoom siv optoelectronic.

Ua Kev Xaiv Zoo
Cov kev xaiv matrix hauv qab no qhia txog qhov kev txiav txim siab - ua cov txheej txheem:

Kev sib koom tes rau Cov Khoom Siv Zoo
Kev taw qhia cov khoom siv toj roob hauv pes no xav tau ntau tshaj li ib phau ntawv teev cia. Nws xav tau ib tus khub nrog kev txawj ntse sib sib zog nqus thoob plaws tag nrho cov spectrum ntawm substrates. Los ntawm kev muab cov qauv thiab siab -resistivity silicon wafers los muab cov lus qhia meej SiC (4H-N, 6H-SI), GaAs (semi-insulating), thiab sapphire (C-plane, epi-}npaj) wafers, a tag nrho-cov khoom lag luam xws li Sibranch Microelectronics ua raws li ib qho kev sib cuag. Nrog rau cov khoom lag luam loj kom ntseeg tau 24-teev khoom xa tuaj rau ntau yam khoom siv thiab muaj peev xwm los txhawb kev cai thiab kev qhia tshwj xeeb, xws li tus khub txhawb nqa koj pab pawg tsim kho kom tsim kho tshiab kom yooj yim thaum koj ua kom yooj yim rau koj cov khoom thiab cov khoom siv logistics.